blocked tubes and pregnancy

PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE

By | On 26/12/2019 | In FEMALE INFERTILITY | Comments (0)

The pelvic inflammatory disease , or PID, is the term used for generalized inside infection of the uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries. Symptoms of PID can include vaginal discharge, chronic pelvic pain, and fever. However, Dawasanté experts have available a treatment to remedy this disease. Click on the image below to discover this natural treatment

PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE

GENERALITY

Inflamed pelvic inflammatory disease fallopian tubes

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection of the reproductive organs of women. This usually happens when sexually transmitted bacteria spread from the vagina to the uterus, fallopian tubes, or ovaries.

If you suffer from pelvic inflammatory disease click here

Pelvic inflammatory disease often does not cause any signs or symptoms. As a result, you may not realize that you have the disease and get the treatment you need. The condition can be detected later if you are having trouble getting pregnant or if you develop chronic pelvic pain.

What if I have blocked tubes or PID and want to get pregnant?

Symptoms

The signs and symptoms of pelvic inflammatory disease can include:

Pain in the lower abdomen and pelvis

Heavy vaginal discharge with an unpleasant odor

Abnormal uterine bleeding, especially during or after sex, or between menstrual cycles

Pain or bleeding during sex

Fever, sometimes with chills

Painful or difficult urination

The MIP can cause only mild signs and symptoms, if any. When severe, PID can cause fever, chills, severe abdominal or pelvic pain - especially during a pelvic exam - and bowel discomfort.

When to see a doctor

See your doctor or seek urgent medical attention if you have:

Severe pain in the abdomen

Nausea and vomiting, with an inability to keep anything

Fever, with a temperature over 101 F (38.3 C)

Vaginal discharge

If your signs and symptoms persist but are not serious, see your doctor as soon as possible. A discharge from the vagina with an odor, painful urination, or bleeding between menstrual cycles may be associated with a sexually transmitted infection (STI). If these signs and symptoms appear, stop having sex and see your doctor soon. Prompt treatment of an STI can help prevent PIDs.

The causes

Many types of bacteria can cause PIDs , but gonorrhea or chlamydia infections are the most common. These bacteria are usually acquired through unprotected sex. Less commonly, bacteria can enter your reproductive tract whenever the normal barrier created by the cervix is disrupted. This can happen after childbirth, miscarriage, or abortion.

Risk factors

A number of factors can increase your risk for pelvic inflammatory disease, including:

Be a sexually active woman under 25

Having multiple sexual partners

Being in a sexual relationship with someone who has more than one sexual partner

Having sex without a condom

Showering regularly, which upsets the balance of beneficial and harmful bacteria in the vagina and may mask symptoms

Having a history of pelvic inflammatory disease or sexually transmitted infection

Most experts now agree that an inserted intrauterine device (IUD) does not increase the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease. Any potential risk is usually within the first three weeks after insertion.

Complications

Untreated pelvic inflammatory disease can cause scar tissue. You could also develop collections of infected fluid (abscess) in the fallopian tubes, which could damage your reproductive organs.

Other complications can include:

Ectopic pregnancy. The PID is a major cause of tubal pregnancy (ectopic). In an ectopic pregnancy, the scar tissue from the PID prevents the fertilized egg from making its way through the fallopian tube to implant in the uterus. Ectopic pregnancies can cause massive, life-threatening bleeding, and require urgent medical attention.

Infertility. PID can damage your reproductive organs and cause infertility - the inability to get pregnant. The more PID you have had, the greater your risk of infertility. Delaying treatment for PIDs also greatly increases your risk of infertility.

Chronic pelvic pain. Pelvic inflammatory disease can cause pelvic pain that can last for months or even years. The scarring in the fallopian tubes and other pelvic organs can cause pain during intercourse and ovulation.

Tubo-ovarian abscess. The MIP can cause the formation of an abscess - a collection of pus - in the fallopian tube and ovaries. If left untreated, you could develop a life-threatening infection.

Prevention

To reduce your risk of pelvic inflammatory disease:

Practice safe sex. Use condoms every time you have sex, limit the number of partners, and ask about a potential partner's sexual history.

Talk to your doctor about contraception. Many forms of contraception do not protect against the development of PID . Using barrier methods, such as a condom, can help reduce your risk. Even if you are taking birth control pills, it is still important to use a condom every time you have sex to protect yourself from STIs.

Have it tested. If you're at risk of getting an STI, such as chlamydia, make an appointment with your doctor for a screening test. Establish a regular screening schedule with your doctor if necessary. Treating an STI early gives you the best chance of avoiding PID.

Request that your partner be tested. If you have pelvic inflammatory disease or an STI, ask your partner for a screening test and, if necessary, treatment. This can prevent the spread of STIs and the possible recurrence of PIDs .

Pelvic inflammatory disease is a polymicrobial infection of the female genital tract: cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries; an abscess can form. Pelvic inflammatory disease can be sexually transmitted. Symptoms usually include abdominopelvic pain, cervical discharge, and irregular bleeding. Long-term complications include infertility, chronic pelvic pain, and ectopic pregnancy. Diagnosis is made by PCR of cervical swabs for Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia, microscopic examination of cervical discharge (usually), and ultrasound or laparoscopy (sometimes). Treatment is based on antibiotics.

Pelvic inflammatory disease can affect the cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, and / or ovaries. Infection of the cervix ( cervicitis ) causes mucopurulent discharge. Infections of the fallopian tubes (salpingitis), uterus (endometritis), and ovaries (oophoritis) tend to occur at the same time. If severe, the infection can spread to the ovaries (oophoritis) and then to the peritoneum (peritonitis). Salpingitis with endometritis and oophoritis, with or without peritonitis, is often called salpingitis, although other structures are involved. Pus may collect in the tubes (pyosalpinx) and an abscess may form (tubo-ovarian abscess).

Etiology

Pelvic inflammatory disease is caused by an overgrowth of organisms that originate from the vagina and cervix and travel up into the uterus and fallopian tubes. Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis are common causes of pelvic inflammatory disease; they are sexually transmitted. Mycoplasma genitalium , which is also transmitted sexually, can also cause or contribute to pelvic inflammatory disease. The incidence of sexually transmitted inflammatory pelvic disease is decreasing; to <50% of patients who have a positive acute pelvic inflammatory disease test for gonorrhea or chlamydia infection.

Pelvic inflammatory disease usually also involves other aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including bacterial vaginitis pathogens . Vaginal organisms such as Haemophilus influenzae , Streptococcus agalactiae , enteric gram-negative bacilli may be involved in pelvic inflammatory disease, as well as Ureaplasma sp. Vaginal inflammation and bacterial vaginosis contribute to the upward spread of vaginal organisms.

Risk factors

Pelvic inflammatory disease is seen in women <35 years old. It is rare before the first period, after menopause and during pregnancy.

Risk factors include

History of pelvic inflammatory disease
Presence of bacterial vaginitis or any sexually transmitted infection

Other risk factors, especially for pelvic inflammatory gonococcal disease or Chlamydia, include

Young age
Non-white race
Low socioeconomic status
Multiple or new sex partners
Vaginal irrigations

Symptomatology

Abdomino-pelvic pain, fever, leucorrhoea and functional menometrorrhagia are common, especially during or after menstruation.

Cervicitis

In cervicitis, the cervix is red and bleeds easily. Mucopurulent leucorrhoea are frequent; usually they are yellow-green and can be seen draining from the endocervical canal.

Acute salpingitis

Abdomino-pelvic pain is usually present and bilateral but can be unilateral, even if both tubes are affected. Pain can also be felt in the upper abdomen. Nausea and vomiting are common when the pain is severe. Metrorrhagia (caused by endometritis) and fever appear in up to 1/3 of patients.

In the early stages, symptoms may be mild or absent. Later, sensitivity to cervical mobilization, muscle defense and increased decompression pain are common.

Sometimes dyspareunia or dysuria are observed.

Many women with inflammation severe enough to cause scarring have little or no symptoms.

Pelvic inflammatory disease caused by N. gonorrhoeae is usually more acute and causes more severe symptoms than that caused by C. trachomatis , which can be indolent. Pelvic inflammatory disease caused by M. genitalium , like that caused by C. trachomatis , is also mild and should be considered in women who do not respond to first-line therapy for pelvic inflammatory disease.

Complications

The Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome (périhépatite causing pain right upper quadrant) can result from pelvic inflammatory disease gonorrhea or chlamydia. The infection can become chronic, with exacerbations and intermittent remissions.

A tubo-ovarian abscess (collection of pus in the appendages) develops in about 15% of women who have salpingitis. It can accompany an acute or chronic infection and is more likely in the event of treatment delay or incomplete treatment. Pain, fever, and peritoneal symptoms are usually present and can be severe. An adnexal mass may be palpable, although extreme pain may limit the possibilities for examination. The abscess can rupture, causing progressively severe symptoms and sometimes septic shock.

The hydrosalpinges (distension fluid by tubal obstruction flag of tubes) is usually asymptomatic, but may be responsible for pelvic gravity, chronic pelvic pain or dyspareunia and / or infertility.

Salpingitis can lead to scarring and adhesion of the tubes, which often results in chronic pelvic pain, infertility, and an increased risk of ectopic pregnancy.

Diagnostic

Strong suspicion
PCB
Pregnancy test

Pelvic inflammatory disease is suspected when women of childbearing age, especially those with risk factors, have lower abdominal pain or unexplained cervical or vaginal discharge. Pelvic inflammatory disease is suggested when irregular bleeding, dyspareunia, or dysuria remains unexplained. Pelvic inflammatory disease is more likely in cases of abdomino-pelvic pain, unilateral or bilateral adnexal pain, and pain when the cervix is mobilized. A palpable adnexal mass suggests a tubo-ovarian abscess. A pauci-symptomatic infection can leave serious consequences, caution must be exercised.

If pelvic inflammatory disease is suspected, cervical swabs analyzed by PCR for N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis (with sensitivity and specificity of approximately 99%) and a pregnancy test is performed. If PCR is not available, cultures are performed. However, infection of the upper tract is possible even with negative cervical swabs. At this time, the cervical discharge is usually examined to confirm the presence of pus; a Gram stain or an examination on a wet mount under physiological serum is carried out but these examinations are neither sensitive nor specific.

If a patient cannot be seen because of pain, an ultrasound is done as soon as possible.

The white blood cell count may be high but is not helpful for diagnosis.

If the pregnancy test is positive, an ectopic pregnancy, which may cause similar symptoms, should be considered.

Other common causes of pelvic pain include endometriosis, adnexal torsion, ruptured ovarian cyst, and appendicitis. The signs that differentiate these disorders are discussed elsewhere ( Pelvic pain ).

Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome can resemble acute cholecystitis but can usually be differentiated by finding salpingitis during pelvic examination and, if necessary, on ultrasound.

If an adnexal or pelvic mass is suspected clinically or if a patient does not respond to antibiotics within 48 to 72 h, ultrasound is done as soon as possible to rule out tubo-ovarian abscess, pyosalpinx and unrelated disorders. pelvic inflammatory disease (eg, ectopic pregnancy , adnexal torsion ).

If the diagnosis is uncertain after ultrasound, a laparoscopy should be performed; purulent peritoneal fluid observed laparoscopically is the gold standard for diagnosis.

Treatment

Antibiotics to cover N. gonorrhoeae , C. trachomatis , and sometimes other organisms

Antibiotics are administered empirically to cover N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis and are secondarily adjusted to the results of the antibiogram. Empiric treatment is necessary whenever the diagnosis is in question for several reasons:

Tests (especially bedside tests) are inconclusive.
Diagnosis based on clinical criteria may be imprecise.
Failure to treat mildly symptomatic pelvic inflammatory disease can lead to serious complications.

Hospitalization of the patient with cervicitis or clinically mild to moderate pelvic inflammatory disease is not necessary. The outpatient treatment protocol aims ( Protocols for the treatment of pelvic inflammatory diseases * ) usually also to eradicate bacterial vaginitis , which often coexists.

Sexual partners of patients infected with N. gonorrhoeae or C. trachomatis should be treated.

If patients do not improve after treatment that covers the usual pathogens, pelvic inflammatory disease due to M. genitalium should be considered. Patients can be treated empirically with moxifloxacin 400 mg po once / day for 7 to 14 days (eg, for 10 days).

Women with pelvic inflammatory disease are usually hospitalized if any of the following signs are present:

Uncertain diagnosis, with inability to rule out a disorder requiring surgical treatment (eg, appendicitis)
Pregnancy
Severe symptoms or a high fever
Tubo-ovarian abscess
Inability to tolerate or follow outpatient treatment (eg, due to vomiting)
Lack of response to outpatient (oral) treatment

In these cases, IV antibiotics ( Treatment protocols for pelvic inflammatory diseases * ) are started as soon as the bacteriological samples are taken and are continued until the patient is afebrile for 24 h.

The tubo-ovarian abscess may require a more prolonged IV antibiotic therapy. Treatment with transvaginal or percutaneous drainage guided by ultrasound ultrasound or CT may be considered if the response to antibiotics alone is incomplete. Sometimes a laparoscopy or a laparotomy is necessary for drainage. If a ruptured tubo-ovarian abscess is suspected, immediate laparotomy is necessary. In women of childbearing age, surgery should be aimed at preserving the pelvic organs (in the hope of preserving fertility).

OBSTRUCTION OF FALLOPIAN TUBE: Natural treatment

By | On 26/12/2019 | In FEMALE INFERTILITY | Comments (0)

Endometriosis is a common and painful disease that affects thousands of women around the world in North America as in Africa and South, other continent and is one of the three main causes of infertility in women.

During a normal menstrual cycle, the lining of your uterus - called the endometrium - begins to thicken before you become pregnant. If you don't get pregnant that month, your body loses its endometrium during your period and the process starts all over again. In endometriosis, for reasons that researchers don't fully understand, tissue very similar to the endometrium begins to grow outside the uterus in various places that it shouldn't. It can appear in or on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, the various structures that support the uterus and the lining of the pelvic cavity. Sometimes it is also found in other places, including the cervix, vagina, rectum, bladder, bowel and elsewhere.

The problem is, this tissue behaves like normal endometrial tissue - it builds up and breaks down with your menstrual cycle - but it can't shed like normal endometrial tissue during your period. As a result, unwanted tissue causes irritation and inflammation. This build-up of tissue can prevent the eggs from leaving the ovaries or from being fertilized by the sperm. It can also leave scars and block the fallopian tubes, preventing the meeting between the egg and the sperm.

Finally, endometriosis problems can be the cause of tubal obstruction. This is because pieces of the uterine lining can end up in the tubes or on the ovaries and block the progression of sperm to the egg, thus preventing fertilization. Dawasanté experts provide you with a natural herbal treatment to unblock your tubes and allow you to quickly get pregnant.

Click on the image below to discover this natural treatment.

However, obstruction of the fallopian tubes is a major cause of female infertility. The blocked fallopian tubes do not allow the egg and sperm to converge, making fertilization impossible. The fallopian tubes are also called oviducts, uterine tubes, and salpines (singular salpinx).

Tubal obstruction

About 20% of female infertility can be attributed to the causes of the tubes. occlusion of the distal tubes (affecting the tip towards the ovary) is usually associated with the formation of hydrosalpinx and is often caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. Pelvic adhesions can be associated with such an infection. In less severe forms, the fimbriae may be clumped and damaged, but some permeability may still be preserved. Tubal obstruction in the middle of the segment may be due to tubal ligation procedures, as this part of the tube is a common target for sterilization procedures. Proximal tubal occlusion can occur after infection, such as. In addition, some tubal sterilization procedures such as the Essure procedure target the part of the tube near the uterus.

A blockage of the uterine tubes can be caused by various disorders, and in some rare cases even be present from birth without causing symptoms until the desire to conceive a child. Obstruction of the fallopian tubes is very often involved in cases of female infertility.

There are various causes of obstruction, or even lesions, of the tubes:

Pelvic infections;
Use of an intrauterine device;
Rupture of the appendix;
Pelvic or lower abdominal surgery;
Certain pathologies, for example, tuberculosis;
Ectopic pregnancy in the fallopian tubes;
Congenital malformations of the tubes;
Uterine fibroma ;
Endometriosis ;
Asherman's syndrome (lesions or infections during surgery).

We speak of proximal tubal obstruction when the tubal isthmus is involved. It can follow an abortion, miscarriage, cesarean section, pelvic inflammatory disease or the contraceptive pill.

If the distal tubes are blocked, it is the end of the tube on the side of the ovary that is affected. This type of obstruction is often associated with a "hydrosalpinx" which refers to the abnormal presence of a pocket of fluid in the fallopian tube. Usually, hydrosalpinx is caused by infection with Chlamydia trachomatis (sexually transmitted infection).

In other cases, the ovarian fringes, which have an important role in the conduction of the oocyte in the tubes, are damaged or stick together.

Several elements are at the origin of this obstruction

GENITAL INFECTIONS

The majority of the causes of obstruction are infections of the genital tract, especially of the tubes ( salpingitis ) which have occurred in the past. Most of the time, they are due to sexually transmitted diseases (such as chlamydia), which may have gone unnoticed. Nevertheless, they were sufficient to block the proboscis and make it waterproof. This is why it is important for all women to prevent the risk of STDs, in particular through safe sex with occasional partners and regular gynecological monitoring.

MEMBERSHIP

Aside from infections, adhesions, where the two sides of the tube wall stick together, can also be present.

ENDOMETRIOSIS

Endometriosis problems may be the cause of obstruction of the fallopian tubes. This is because pieces of the uterine lining can end up in the tubes or on the ovaries and block the progression of sperm to the egg, thus preventing fertilization.

Most often, a catheter can become blocked due to an infection such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). The tubal infertility rate would be 12% after one, 23% after two and 53% after three episodes of PID. The fallopian tubes can also be blocked or disabled by endometritis, infections after childbirth, and intra-abdominal infections, including appendicitis and peritonitis. The formation of adhesions may not block a fallopian tube, but make it dysfunctional by deforming it or separating it from the ovary. It has been reported that women with distal tubal occlusion have a higher rate of HIV infection.

The fallopian tubes can be blocked as a method of birth control. In these situations, the tubes tend to be healthy and, in general, patients requesting the procedure had children. Tubal ligation is considered a permanent procedure.